electrical engineering

African Economic Eras

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Since the end of colonialism, Africa has seen three economic eras</span></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
The fourth era is just beginning Future growth will be complicated by</span></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
historical legacy</span></div><br />
<div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Economic Eras: 1940s-50s</span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Insatiable demand for raw materials<br />
Economic Eras: 1940s-50s<br />
Europe, Asia must rebuild after humanity’s most<br />
destructive conflict</span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;">North American economies boom</span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;">European powers begin pullout from Africa</span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Failure to leave in place mature political systems causes<br />
decline of economies, collapse of key industries.</span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Infrastructure had largely been developed to suit needs<br />
to colonial powers, not African nations</span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Slow, steady decay of infrastructure begins as<br />
the West scrambles to harness Africa’s resources</span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Economic Eras: 1960s-70s</span></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;">US, Soviet Union fight proxy wars in Africa </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Infrastructure hit by war — and by corruption fuelled by US USSR support for African regimes </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Decline of global economy following oil crisis hits Africa particularly hard</span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: blue;"> Economic Eras: 1980s-2000s </span></span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">War continues, famine sets in</span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Apartheid, genocide become global issues</span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Rest of world posts reasonably solid growth</span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Africa steadily becomes poorer compared to the rest of the world</span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">NEPAD has had limited influence on economic development </span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><br />
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African Economic Eras

Since the end of colonialism, Africa has seen three economic eras The fourth era is just beginning Future growth will be complicated by historical legacy Economic Eras: 1940s-50s Insatiable demand fo…

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12 Dec 2010

African Economic Eras

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Since the end of colonialism, Africa has seen three economic eras</span></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
The fourth era is just beginning Future growth will be complicated by</span></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
historical legacy</span></div><br />
<div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Economic Eras: 1940s-50s</span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Insatiable demand for raw materials<br />
Economic Eras: 1940s-50s<br />
Europe, Asia must rebuild after humanity’s most<br />
destructive conflict</span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">North American economies boom</span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">European powers begin pullout from Africa</span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Failure to leave in place mature political systems causes<br />
decline of economies, collapse of key industries.</span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Infrastructure had largely been developed to suit needs<br />
to colonial powers, not African nations</span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Slow, steady decay of infrastructure begins as<br />
the West scrambles to harness Africa’s resources</span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Economic Eras: 1960s-70s</span></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">US, Soviet Union fight proxy wars in Africa </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Infrastructure hit by war — and by corruption fuelled by US USSR support for African regimes </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Decline of global economy following oil crisis hits Africa particularly hard</span></div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;"> Economic Eras: 1980s-2000s </span></span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">War continues, famine sets in</span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Apartheid, genocide become global issues</span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Rest of world posts reasonably solid growth</span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Africa steadily becomes poorer compared to the rest of the world</span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">NEPAD has had limited influence on economic development </span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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African Economic Eras

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12 Dec 2010

Optimization of Links – tie-up of GCC with European and African

Optimization of Links – tie-up of GCC with European and African

Linking GCC with the Arab grid and eventually to the European and Sub-Sahara grid is viable solution given the geo-political challenge • Daylight and seasonal differences can be great value rather tha…

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12 Dec 2010

Time Factor can play an important role

Time Factor can play an important role

• Demand in the GCC countries is seasonal. In winter time, i.e. during the month from October till mid of March there is surplus electricity; where as during the same months in Europe the demand is hi…

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12 Dec 2010

the Benefits of the Interconnection Project

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Enables interchange of energy between systems resulting in a<br />
lower total operating costs</span></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
•Enables systems to share operating reserve so that each system<br />
can carry less spinning reserve</span></div><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><br />
•Permits assistance from neighboring systems to cope with<br />
unforeseen construction delays and unexpected load growth</span><br />
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<div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">•Results in requirement for lower installed capacity in each of the systems while still supplying the load with the same level of reliability</span></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
•Permits larger and more efficient generating units to be installedon the individual systems</span></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
•Permits emergency assistance between systems to mitigate the effects of unforeseen contingencies such as catastrophic multipleoutages</span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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the Benefits of the Interconnection Project

Enables interchange of energy between systems resulting in a lower total operating costs •Enables systems to share operating reserve so that each system can carry less spinning reserve •Permits assist…

more information

12 Dec 2010