remove pdf password on line

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remove pdf password on line

now you can remove your pdf password  upload your file then  it will downloaded automatically  enter here…

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Utilization factor and Reserve factor

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Utilization factor</span></b></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">The utilization factor represents a measure of</span><span style="color: red;"> the power </span></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">utilization of power plants</span><span style="color: red;"> It is less than unity</span><span style="color: red;"> The </span></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">utilization factor is defined as the ratio</span><span style="color: red;"> between the </span></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">maximum demand and the</span><span style="color: red;"> rated capacity of the power plant</span></span><br /> <br /> <b><span style="color: orange;">Utilization factor = maximum load demand /rated capacity of power plant</span></b><br /> <br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>Reserve factor</b></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">The ratio between the rated capacity of a power plant and </span><br /> <br /> <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">the maximum demand is known as the reserve factor plant </span><br /> <br /> <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Typical value of the reserve factor is between 1.2 and 1.4</span><b><span style="color: orange;"> </span></b><br /> <br /> <div style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Res factor = 1/utilization factor</b></span></div><div style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br /> </b></span></div><div style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br /> </b></span></div><span style="color: orange; font-size: small;"><b>Res factor=rated capacity of the power plant/maximum load demand</b></span><br /> <br /> <br /> </div>

Utilization factor and Reserve factor

Utilization factor The utilization factor represents a measure of the power  utilization of power plants It is less than unity The  utilization factor is defined as the ratio between the  maximum dem…

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Diversity factor and Capacity factor

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span id="goog_1336342996"></span><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> Diversity factor</span></b></a><span id="goog_1336342997"></span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">The maximum demands of individual loads do not take place </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">at the same moment The sum of individual peaks is not used </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">as a measure of the maximumloaddemand The maximum </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">installed power is usually less than the sum of individual </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">maximum demands The diversity factor is greater than or </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">equal unity The ratio of sum of individual maximum demands </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">of all customers to the maximum demand for a specific </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">station is known as the diversity factor</span></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /> </span></div><div style="color: red;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> <a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Capacity factor</span></b></span></a><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">The capacity factor takes into account the excess of the</span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"> installed power of station more than the actual required </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">demand The excess of power is known as the reserve power, </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">which takes into account the expected future expansion and </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">unexpected sudden load increase The capacity factor is </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">defined as the ratio of the average load supplied by a station </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">to the rated</span></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /> (installed) capacity of this station The capacity factor is less </span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">than or equal unityMultiplying the average demand and the </span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">rated capacity by time, the capacity factor can be defined as </span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">the ratio between the actual energy produced and that would </span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">be produced if the plant were operated at its full capacity</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">capacity factor = Annual energy(kWh)<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="color: blue;">/</span></b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;">rated capacity*no. of operating hours</span></span></span></span></span></div></div>

Diversity factor and Capacity factor

 Diversity factor The maximum demands of individual loads do not take place  at the same moment The sum of individual peaks is not used  as a measure of the maximumloaddemand The maximum  installed po…

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Demand factor and Load factor

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Demand factor</b></span></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">The ratio between the real maximum load demand on the </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">system and the connected load The demand factor varies from</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> time to time and its value is always less than or equal unity </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">The connected load is always known and thus, it will be easy</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> to calculate the maximum demand if the demand factor for a </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">certain supply is known at different time intervals and </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">seasons</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Load factor</span></b></span></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">The ratio between the average load demand and the maximum demand during a certain period </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">• The magnitude of the load factor is always<br /> less than or equal unity</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><br /> • For almost constant loads, the load factor is<br /> close to unity</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><br /> • With strongly varied loads, it is close to zero</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><br /> </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><br /> </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div></div>

Demand factor and Load factor

Demand factor The ratio between the real maximum load demand on the  system and the connected load The demand factor varies from time to time and its value is always less than or equal unity  The con…

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Average Load and Installed capacity

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/2010/11/daily-duration-curve.html"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Average Load</span></b></span></a></div><br /> <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">The average demand or average load is defined as the total</span><br /> <br /> <span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> energy delivered in a certain period divided by the time </span><br /> <br /> <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">interval It is possible to calculate a daily average load, weekly</span><br /> <br /> <span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> average load, monthly average load and yearly (annual) </span><br /> <br /> <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">average load</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="color: blue;"> </span></b></span></span><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/2010/11/connected-load-and-maximum-demand.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Installed capacity</span></b></span></span></a></div><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">The installed capacity is the sum of the ratings of all stations </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-size: large;">available to supply the system Operating factors Some </span></a></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">factors are developed from operating curves to give useful </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">indications about the cost issues of power systems</span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /> </span></div>

Average Load and Installed capacity

Average Load The average demand or average load is defined as the total energy delivered in a certain period divided by the time  interval It is possible to calculate a daily average load, weekly av…

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Connected load and Maximum demand

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> Connected load </span></b></div><br /> <div style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is defined as the sum of ratings of all electrical equipments that are connected at the supply point </span></div><div style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">regardless of their status of operation It is calculated depending on the installed equipment without </span></div><div style="color: blue;"><div class="titlewrapper"><h1 class="title"><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/">electrical engineering</a> </h1></div></div><div style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">measuring or testing their actual demand The connected load, which is independent of time, is </span></div><div style="color: blue;"><br /> </div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">greater than the maximum load demand</span></span><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">Maximum demand</span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">it is not obligatory that the maximum</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"> demand is equal to the </span></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: left;"></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">connected load</span><span style="font-size: large;"> It is calculated in a certain time interval by</span></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: left;"><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">measuring the greatest load demand</span><span style="font-size: large;"> during this time interval</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span> <br /> <div class="titlewrapper"><h1 class="title"><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/">electrical engineering</a> </h1></div></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: left;"></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"> The reason is that the connected loads are</span><span style="font-size: large;"> switched on and </span></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: left;"></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">off regularly</span><span style="font-size: large;"> Even for the loads that are switched on, they</span><span style="font-size: large;"> are</span></div><div style="color: blue; text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"> not properly operating with their full</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"> ratings The maximum load demand can not<br /> be calculated simply by adding the<br /> maximum demands of individual loads<br /> since the individual maximum<br /> demands occur at deferent times </span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><br /> </div>

Connected load and Maximum demand

 Connected load It is defined as the sum of ratings of all electrical equipments that are connected at the supply point regardless of their status of operation It is calculated depending on the insta…

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The Load Energy curve

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">This curve is derived from the daily load curve At each time </span><br /> <br /> <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">interval, the area under the curve is calculated from the zero</span><br /> <br /> <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"> time interval until the pres<a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/">ent time interval </a>For example, the </span><br /> <br /> <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">area under the curve is calculated for each hour and is </span><br /> <br /> <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">added to the previous total area to get the energy at the </span><br /> <br /> <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">present hour The curve begins always from energy of zero </span><br /> <br /> <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">and increases with time It is not possible for the energy to </span><br /> <br /> <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">decrease with time</span><br /> <br /> </div>

The Load Energy curve

This curve is derived from the daily load curve At each time  interval, the area under the curve is calculated from the zero time interval until the present time interval For example, the  area under…

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The daily duration curve

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> duration curve</span></div><br /> <b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;">The load duration curve illustrates the</span><span style="color: blue;"> variation of a certain load in a downward</span><span style="color: blue;"> form </span></span></b><br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;">such that the greatest load is plotted</span><span style="color: blue;"> in the left and the <a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1147900120">smal</a></span></span></b><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;">l</span></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/">est </a>one in the right</span><span style="color: blue;"> On the </span></span></b><br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;">time axis, the time duration for</span><span style="color: blue;"> which each certain load <a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/">continues </a>during</span><span style="color: blue;"> the day is given</span></span></b><br /> <br /> <br /> <div class="layer" style="z-index: 9;"><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="inner_layer" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/"><img alt="http://www14.0zz0.com/2010/11/20/14/611109026.jpg" src="http://www14.0zz0.com/2010/11/20/14/611109026.jpg" /></a> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"> </span></span></div><div class="inner_layer" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">From <a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/">the </a>figure, we can recognize that</span></span></b></div><div class="inner_layer" style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="inner_layer" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"> </span><span style="color: red;">a load of 10 kW lasts 3 hours and a</span></span></b></div><div class="inner_layer" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"> </span><br style="color: red;" /><span style="color: red;">load of 8 kW lasts 2 hours and so on</span></span></b></div><div class="inner_layer" style="color: red; text-align: center;"></div><div class="inner_layer" style="color: red; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">the area under the load duration</span></b></div><div class="inner_layer" style="color: red; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /> curve represents the consumed</span></b></div><div class="inner_layer" style="color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /> energy during the day</b></span></div><div class="inner_layer"><b><br /> </b> </div><div class="inner_layer"><b><br /> </b> </div><div class="inner_layer"></div><div class="inner_layer"></div></div></div>

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The daily duration curve

 duration curve The load duration curve illustrates the variation of a certain load in a downward form  such that the greatest load is plotted in the left and the smallest one in the right On the  tim…

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The daily load curve

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">daily load curve</span></div><br /> <b><span style="color: blue;">The curve describing the variation of the</span><span style="color: blue;"> supplied power to a certain load with time</span></b><br /> <br /> <b><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span style="color: blue;"> through one day is known as the daily</span><span style="color: blue;"> load curve of this load</span><span style="color: blue;"> Similarly, weekly, monthly </span></b><br /> <br /> <b><span style="color: blue;">and yearly</span><span style="color: blue;"> (annual) load curves can be plotted</span></b><br /> <br /> <br /> <div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">From the daily load curve, <a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/">useful </a>information can be obtained</span></div><div style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> </span> </div><div style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> </span></b> </div><div style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">• The maximum load demand is obtained from<br /> the daily load curve by recording the peak</span></b><br /> <b><span style="font-size: small;">more on http://hayatei.blogspot.com/</span></b><br /> <b><span style="font-size: small;"> value of the power</span></b></div><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><br /> • The area under the daily load curve is the<br /> consumed energy during this day</span></b><br /> <b><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><br /> • The average consumed power is obtained by<br /> dividing the consumed energy by the time<br /> duration</span></b><br /> <div style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> </span></b> </div></div>

The daily load curve

daily load curve The curve describing the variation of the supplied power to a certain load with time   through one day is known as the daily load curve of this load Similarly, weekly, monthly  and ye…

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Effect of high voltage transmission

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> Effect of high voltage transmission</span></div><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">• The transmitted current is decreased,</span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /> • The total power loss in the network is<br /> decreased,</span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /> • The efficiency of the transmission line is<br /> increased,</span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /> • The voltage drop is decreased,</span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /> • The voltage <a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/">regulation </a>is decreased,</span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /> • The cross section area of the conductors is<br /> decreased</span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /> • The total cost of the copper is decreased</span></div>

Effect of high voltage transmission

 Effect of high voltage transmission • The transmitted current is decreased, • The total power loss in the network is decreased, • The efficiency of the transmission line is increased, • The voltage d…

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Egyptian network an overview

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: large;">About 30 bus-bars</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /> 30 power stations</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /> 23 GW installed electric capacity</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /> About 84% of the electric generating</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /> capacity is from thermal stations, i.e. gas</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">more on http://hayatei.blogspot.com/</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"> power stations, while the Aswan High Dam</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /> provides about 15% of the total generated</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /> power.</span><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> Largest Power Plants in Egypt</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;">Power Station    Capacity (MW)   Fuel Type</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;">Aswan High                    2,100                         Hydraulic<br />                     Shoubrah El Kheima                   1,350                        Oil                                              <br /> El-Kureimat                                      1,300                       Gas                          <br /> Damita                                        1,200                      Gas                    <br /> Cairo West                                    1,100                      Gas/Oil                <br /> Ataka                                            950                      Oil                     <br /> Abu Qir                                            930                      Gas/Oil             <br /> Cairo South                                        814                       Gas/Oil                <br /> Damanhour                                           678                       Oil                            <br /> Aswan                                              622                        Hydraulic         </div></div>

Egyptian network an overview

About 30 bus-bars 30 power stations 23 GW installed electric capacity About 84% of the electric generating capacity is from thermal stations, i.e. gas more on http://hayatei.blogspot.com/ power stati…

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Intended Learning Outcomes of Course (ILOs) part 2

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">c. Professional and Practical Skills</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> c1- Use load curves to extract useful information.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> c2- Utilize the operating factors to find out required information<br /> c3- Apply different electricity tariffs.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> c4- Solve the economic dispatch problem.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> c5- Apply suitable formulas to calculate the fixed costs as well as<br /> running costs of major types of power plants</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div style="color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">d. General and Transferable Skills</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> d1- Learn how to collect suitable data about the economic<br /> dispatch problem</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> d2- Cooperate to process the collected data.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> d3- Accomplish tasks within time.</div></div>

Intended Learning Outcomes of Course (ILOs) part 2

c. Professional and Practical Skills c1- Use load curves to extract useful information. c2- Utilize the operating factors to find out required information c3- Apply different electricity tariffs. c4- …

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Overall Aims of economic operation of power system

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h3 class="post-title entry-title"></h3><div class="post-header"></div><div class="post-body entry-content">The course aims at providing the basic knowledge required by practicing engineers for dealing<br /> <br /> with economics and operation of <a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/">power </a>systems to:<br /> <br /> • Realize the different load curves and factors used in<br /> defining the loading conditions of power system.<br /> <br /> • Recognize the operating tariffs of electrical energy<br /> <span style="font-size: small;">more on http://hayatei.blogspot.com/</span> <br /> and selecting the most proper one depending on the<br /> load profile.<br /> <br /> • Enhance the economic operation of power systems<br /> <span style="font-size: small;">more on http://hayatei.blogspot.com/</span> <br /> to achieve the minimum cost operation under<br /> different loading conditions.<br /> <br /> • Encourage dealing with main types of power plants<br /> including conventional and non-conventional types </div></div>

Overall Aims of economic operation of power system

The course aims at providing the basic knowledge required by practicing engineers for dealing with economics and operation of power systems to: • Realize the different load curves and factors used in …

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Intended Learning Outcomes of Course (ILOs)

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>a. Knowledge and Understanding</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: left;">a1- Describe the Egyptian electrical network</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> a2- Identify the development of energy utilization in recent<br /> decades</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> a3- Enumerate the characteristics of different loads</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> a4- Outline the concepts of investment and depreciation in<br /> power system</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> a5- Mention the benefits of economic operation of power<br /> systems</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> a6-  State the main differences  between electrical power plants</div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><ol></ol><div style="text-align: center;"><b>b. Intellectual Skills</b></div><br /> b1- Differentiate between various curves and factors<br /> <span style="font-size: small;">more on http://hayatei.blogspot.com/</span>  <br /> describing different types of loads<br /> <br /> b2- Distinguish the methods used to define the operating tariffs<br /> of electrical energy<br /> .<br /> b3- Predict the situations where the transmission <a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/">more on </a> losses have to<br /> be considered and where they have to be omitted.<br /> <br /> b4- Develop mathematical models of the optimization problem<br /> <span style="font-size: small;">more on http://hayatei.blogspot.com/</span> <br /> and analyze the problem to find the suitable solution.<br /> <br /> b5- Choose the suitable type of power plants depending on<br /> their features, and technical and economical conditions<br /> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div></div>

Intended Learning Outcomes of Course (ILOs)

a. Knowledge and Understanding a1- Describe the Egyptian electrical network a2- Identify the development of energy utilization in recent decades a3- Enumerate the characteristics of different loads a…

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