Power losses reduction in electrical distribution

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Reducing power losses by optimizing equipment locations</b></div><div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="power-losses" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1243" height="151" src="http://engineering.electrical-equipment.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/power-losses.jpg" title="power-losses" width="247" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"> Do you realize that power losses in a electrical installation could represent up to 7 %  of the electrical consumption ?</div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;">LV cables and transformers are the most contributors to these operating losses, around 95 % as shown here below</div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span id="more-1240"></span>Of course, low losses transformer can be used to reduce the energy dissipation, a study should then be done to assess the payback period.</div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;">There’s also one rule that is sometimes forgotten during the design, it’s mentioned in some standards (French standard – NF – C15-100) or codes of practice: place the transformer and the main low voltage switchboard as close as possible to their load centre (centre of gravity of the consumers).</div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;">Most of the time,  you can reduce up to 30% the losses and consequently carbon emissions while using less cables that’s to say less investment costs. For example, the design in such a way for a food and beverage plant will save 120 k€ over 15 years and to divide almost by 3 the quantity of installed cables.</div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;">However, it’s not always possible to choose the location of the transformer and the main switchboard because it’s sometimes imposed by the architect but this rule can also be applied to the sub-distribution boards, and contribute then to reduce the power losses between these switchboards and their supplied consumers.</div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;">An electrical Software such as ID-Spec Large can help to determine the best location of the electrical equipment according to the implementation of the consumers on the CAD building layout (see the blue circle that represents the load centre of the MV/LV substation) and give an indicator of the quantity of cables during the design of the electrical installation.</div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_1245" style="text-align: center; width: 599px;"><img alt="ID-spec-large-software" class="size-full wp-image-1245 " height="442" src="http://engineering.electrical-equipment.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/id-spec-large-software.jpg" title="id-spec-large-software" width="589" /><br /> <div class="wp-caption-text">ID-spec-large-software</div></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://engineering.electrical-equipment.org/tag/power-losses">source </a></div></div>

Power losses reduction in electrical distribution

Reducing power losses by optimizing equipment locations  Do you realize that power losses in a electrical installation could represent up to...

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TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR H.V. MOTORS

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Temperature</span></b></div><div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-right: 28.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">The temperatures rise at various parts of the motor due to the heat loss dissipated in the motor. An excessive temperature rise will cause the deterioration of the insulation, and so the temperatures of the coils and adjacent core are to be kept below the specified temperature rise limit. There are the following three different methods for temperature measurement.</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><br /> <div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Thermometer Method</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-right: 28.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">This is a method of measuring temperatures by fitting thermometers to the measuring parts of a motor. Usually, thermometers are fitted to the frame or to the bearings. This method is widely used for temperature measurement.</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Resistance Method</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-right: 28.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">This is a method of measuring the mean temperature of the coil by utilizing the change of the coil resistance with the temperature; the temperature is calculated in the following way.</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="position: relative; top: 16pt;"></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">where, </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/2010/12/trouble-shooting-for-hv-motors.html"><img alt="http://img104.herosh.com/2010/12/16/166376575.png" src="http://img104.herosh.com/2010/12/16/166376575.png" /><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">R₂ : Coil resistance in heated condition (temperature t₂)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">R₁ : Coil resistance in cold state (temperature t₁)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">t₂: Coil temperature immediately after test (ºC)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">t₁ : Temperature obtained at the time of measuring R1in cold state</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">t₀ : Reference ambient temperature at the last of the test (ºC)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">t : Temperature rise of coil (ºC)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">T : Constant                T = 234.5 for copper</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> T = 230.0 for aluminum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">T = ……….A1</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 28.2pt 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Embedded Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) Method </span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 28.2pt 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 28.2pt 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">This is a method of measuring temperatures of winding and bearings by means of RTDs embedded. (Only applied to the 6.9 KV motors.) The temperature settings for alarm and trip are recommended as follows:</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div align="center"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 8.2pt;"><tbody> <tr style="height: 56.25pt; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td rowspan="2" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-color: windowtext; border-style: double solid solid double; border-width: 4.5pt 1pt 2.25pt 4.5pt; height: 56.25pt; padding: 0cm; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Motors</span></b></a></div></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: double solid solid none; border-width: 4.5pt 1pt 2.25pt medium; height: 56.25pt; padding: 0cm; width: 104.35pt;" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Motor parts</span></b></a></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: double solid solid none; border-width: 4.5pt 1pt 2.25pt medium; height: 56.25pt; padding: 0cm; width: 72.8pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Expected</span></b></a></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Temperature</span></b></a></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: double solid solid none; border-width: 4.5pt 1pt 2.25pt medium; height: 56.25pt; padding: 0cm; width: 81.35pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Temp. Limit</span></b></a></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">of Windings</span></b></a></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">and Bearings</span></b></a></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: double double solid none; border-width: 4.5pt 4.5pt 1pt medium; height: 56.25pt; padding: 0cm; width: 64.85pt;" width="86"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Settings</span></b></a></div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 37.7pt; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 2.25pt medium; height: 37.7pt; padding: 0cm; width: 37.3pt;" width="50"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Alarm</span></b></a></div></td> <td style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; -moz-background-origin: padding; background: rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none double solid none; border-width: medium 4.5pt 2.25pt medium; height: 37.7pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.55pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Trip</span></b></a></div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21.55pt; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td rowspan="4" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid double double; border-width: medium 1pt 1.5pt 4.5pt; height: 21.55pt; padding: 0cm; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 6.95pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> 2620 KW (vertical)</span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 6.95pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> 18 poles</span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 6.95pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> Seawater</span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 6.95pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> Supply</span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 6.95pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> Pump Motors</span></a></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21.55pt; padding: 0cm; width: 104.35pt;" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Windings</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21.55pt; padding: 0cm; width: 72.8pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">145</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21.55pt; padding: 0cm; width: 81.35pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">150</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21.55pt; padding: 0cm; width: 37.3pt;" width="50"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">160</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none double solid none; border-width: medium 4.5pt 1pt medium; height: 21.55pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.55pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">170</span></a></div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 20.75pt; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td rowspan="3" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 1.5pt medium; height: 20.75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 21.3pt;" width="28"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 5.65pt 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Bearings</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 20.75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 83.05pt;" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Upper Guide</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 20.75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 72.8pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">75</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 20.75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 81.35pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">90</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 20.75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 37.3pt;" width="50"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">90</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none double solid none; border-width: medium 4.5pt 1pt medium; height: 20.75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.55pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">100</span></a></div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 26.1pt; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 26.1pt; padding: 0cm; width: 83.05pt;" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Thrust</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 26.1pt; padding: 0cm; width: 72.8pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">70</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 26.1pt; padding: 0cm; width: 81.35pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">90</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 26.1pt; padding: 0cm; width: 37.3pt;" width="50"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">90</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none double solid none; border-width: medium 4.5pt 1pt medium; height: 26.1pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.55pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">100</span></a></div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 26.5pt; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 1.5pt medium; height: 26.5pt; padding: 0cm; width: 83.05pt;" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Lower Guide</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 1.5pt medium; height: 26.5pt; padding: 0cm; width: 72.8pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">75</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 1.5pt medium; height: 26.5pt; padding: 0cm; width: 81.35pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">90</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 1.5pt medium; height: 26.5pt; padding: 0cm; width: 37.3pt;" width="50"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">90</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none double double none; border-width: medium 4.5pt 1.5pt medium; height: 26.5pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.55pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">100</span></a></div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21.25pt; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td rowspan="4" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid double double; border-width: medium 1pt 1.5pt 4.5pt; height: 21.25pt; padding: 0cm; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 6.95pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> 1420 131(vertical)</span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 6.95pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> 10 poles</span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 6.95pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> Brine Recycle</span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 6.95pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> Pump Motors</span></a></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21.25pt; padding: 0cm; width: 104.35pt;" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Windings</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21.25pt; padding: 0cm; width: 72.8pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">140</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21.25pt; padding: 0cm; width: 81.35pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">150</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21.25pt; padding: 0cm; width: 37.3pt;" width="50"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">160</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none double solid none; border-width: medium 4.5pt 1pt medium; height: 21.25pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.55pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">170</span></a></div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 29.3pt; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td rowspan="3" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 1.5pt medium; height: 29.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 21.3pt;" width="28"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 5.65pt 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Bearings</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 29.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 83.05pt;" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Upper Guide</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 29.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 72.8pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">75</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 29.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 81.35pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">90</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 29.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 37.3pt;" width="50"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">90</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none double solid none; border-width: medium 4.5pt 1pt medium; height: 29.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.55pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">100 </span></a></div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21.8pt; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21.8pt; padding: 0cm; width: 83.05pt;" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Thrust</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21.8pt; padding: 0cm; width: 72.8pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">75</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21.8pt; padding: 0cm; width: 81.35pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">90 </span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21.8pt; padding: 0cm; width: 37.3pt;" width="50"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">90</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none double solid none; border-width: medium 4.5pt 1pt medium; height: 21.8pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.55pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">100</span></a></div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 26.3pt; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 1.5pt medium; height: 26.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 83.05pt;" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Lower Guide</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 1.5pt medium; height: 26.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 72.8pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">85</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 1.5pt medium; height: 26.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 81.35pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">90</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 1.5pt medium; height: 26.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 37.3pt;" width="50"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">90</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none double double none; border-width: medium 4.5pt 1.5pt medium; height: 26.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.55pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">100</span></a></div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 22.75pt; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td rowspan="3" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid double double; border-width: medium 1pt 4.5pt 4.5pt; height: 22.75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 106.35pt;" width="142"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 6.95pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> 570KW(horizontal)</span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.25pt; text-indent: -0.3pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> 8 poles Product Water Booster </span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 6.95pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;"> Pump Motors</span></a></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 104.35pt;" width="139"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Windings</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 72.8pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">120</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 81.35pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">150</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 37.3pt;" width="50"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">1160</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none double solid none; border-width: medium 4.5pt 1pt medium; height: 22.75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.55pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">170</span></a></div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 35.7pt; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td rowspan="2" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 4.5pt medium; height: 35.7pt; padding: 0cm; width: 21.3pt;" width="28"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 5.65pt 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Bearings</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 35.7pt; padding: 0cm; width: 83.05pt;" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Front</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 35.7pt; padding: 0cm; width: 72.8pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">65</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 35.7pt; padding: 0cm; width: 81.35pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">95</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 35.7pt; padding: 0cm; width: 37.3pt;" width="50"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">95</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none double solid none; border-width: medium 4.5pt 1pt medium; height: 35.7pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.55pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">105</span></a></div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 35.35pt; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 4.5pt medium; height: 35.35pt; padding: 0cm; width: 83.05pt;" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Rear</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 4.5pt medium; height: 35.35pt; padding: 0cm; width: 72.8pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">65</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 4.5pt medium; height: 35.35pt; padding: 0cm; width: 81.35pt;" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">95</span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid double none; border-width: medium 1pt 4.5pt medium; height: 35.35pt; padding: 0cm; width: 37.3pt;" width="50"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_920484979"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">95 </span></a></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none double double none; border-width: medium 4.5pt 4.5pt medium; height: 35.35pt; padding: 0cm; width: 27.55pt;" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/2010/12/trouble-shooting-for-hv-motors.html"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">105</span></a></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/2010/12/trouble-shooting-for-hv-motors.html"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;">Table 1-1 Recommended Temperature Setting</span></b></a></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /> <a href="http://hayatei.blogspot.com/2010/12/trouble-shooting-for-hv-motors-part-2.html"><span style="font-size: large;">TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR H.V. MOTORS part 2</span></a></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></div></div>

TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR H.V. MOTORS

Temperature The temperatures rise at various parts of the motor due to the heat loss dissipated in the motor. An excessive temperature rise...

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THE MOTOR STRUCTURE

All motors have a similar basic construction. Each has two main parts:<br /> <br />             1.         The stator.<br />             2.         The rotor.<br /> <br /> The stator is normally mounted on the frame.  This frame is usually cylindrical in shape.  The field poles with field windings on them are part of the stator.  The identification plate is also mounted on the stator. The frame has end bells or plates attached to it. These hold the bearings.  When the rotor shaft journals are mounted in the bearings, the bells support the rotor.<br /> <br /> The rotor is mounted on a shaft, which has two journal bearings, one at each end.  The bearings are accurately machined to provide the proper amount of endplay for the rotor.  There is a clearance of .001 to .002 between the motor shaft and the bearing<br /> <br /> The windings are insulated copper wire.  This insulation is usually a polyester material.  It is resistant to moisture and has considerable dielectric and mechanical strength.<br /> <br /> Both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) may be used to operate electric motors.  Following motor types are most commonly used: -<br /> <br /> <br /> AC - Single phase<br /> <br />             Split phase induction.<br />             Capacitor-start induction.<br />             Capacitor-start, capacitor run.<br />             Shaded pole.<br />             Universal.<br />             Repulsion.<br /> <br /> AC - Three phase<br /> <br />             Squirrel cage induction<br />             Wound rotor induction<br />             Synchronous<br /> <br /> DC -    Series<br />             Shunt<br />             Compound<br /> <br /> Today, the capacitor motor is being used on most household applications.  It is the most popular single-phase machine.

THE MOTOR STRUCTURE

All motors have a similar basic construction. Each has two main parts:             1.         The stator.             2.         The roto...

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